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《Vaccine》2022,40(34):5010-5015
ObjectivesTo investigate the association between providing leaflets to support pediatricians in explaining the safety of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and mother’s decision to vaccinate their daughters in Japan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we conducted a survey of mothers to evaluate the effect of leaflets that were created to support pediatricians in explaining the safety profile of the HPV vaccine. Mothers who provided consent for vaccination before receiving an explanation were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was the mother’s decision to vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine after receiving an explanation from pediatricians using our leaflets.ResultsAmong 161 eligible mothers, 101 decided on HPV vaccination (decided group) and 60 did not (decided against group). There was no difference in the maternal background between the 2 groups. The decided group had a significantly more positive impression of the leaflets than the undecided group. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, a detailed explanation for possible adverse events and specific solutions to them was associated with the mother's decision to have their daughters vaccinated (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.02–5.44), but not the pathology of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccination process.ConclusionLeaflets emphasizing an explanation of adverse events may contribute to mothers’ decision making for HPV vaccination. 相似文献
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《European journal of surgical oncology》2022,48(6):1264-1271
BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAFV600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy. 相似文献
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背景 人口老龄化趋势下,罹患多种慢性病的失能或半失能老年人对居家医疗护理服务需求迫切,但基层医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务存在较大的医疗风险和安全隐患,加强居家医疗护理服务的安全管理,有利于提高基层医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务的意愿。 目的 调查基层医疗卫生机构对居家护理服务的安全支持情况和医务人员的服务意愿,为进一步推动居家医疗护理服务发展提供参考依据。 方法 2021年8—10月,采用便利抽样法在四川省五大经济区抽取49所基层医疗卫生机构的1 131例医务人员。自行设计调查问卷,以"问卷星"电子问卷的形式收集资料。问卷内容包括医务人员的一般情况(8个条目)、提供居家医疗护理服务的经历(2个条目)、医疗机构对医务人员的安全支持(7个条目)、医务人员的居家医疗护理服务意愿(1个条目)。比较不同特征医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务的意愿,采用二元Logistic回归分析医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务意愿的影响因素。 结果 1 131例基层医务人员中,692例(61.18%)报告有过居家医疗护理服务的经历,193例(17.06%)报告在服务过程中发生过不良事件/安全事件,531例(46.95%)报告其所在医疗机构未评估过患者接受居家医疗护理服务的安全风险,199例(17.60%)表示所在机构评估了医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务的安全风险,299例(26.44%)在居家医疗护理服务过程中使用APP定位系统,273例(24.14%)由机构配备报警、延迟预警等设备,807例(71.35%)表示居家医疗护理服务过程中没有获得所在机构内其他医务人员的支持措施,303例(26.79%)表示机构曾组织居家医疗护理服务的专项研讨活动,352例(31.12%)表示接受过有关居家医疗护理服务专项培训,853例(75.42%)表示愿意提供居家医疗护理服务。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,就职的基层医疗卫生机构类型,目前受聘的专业技术职称,医疗机构是否评估过患者接受居家医疗护理服务的安全风险,在居家医疗护理服务过程中是否配备报警、延迟预警等设备,是否参加过有关居家医疗护理服务的专项培训,对医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务意愿有影响(P<0.05)。 结论 现阶段居家医疗护理服务的安全支持不足,多种因素影响基层医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务的意愿。基层医疗卫生机构应加强对患者接受居家医疗护理服务安全风险的评估,为提供居家医疗护理服务的医务人员配备报警、延迟预警等设备,积极举办居家医疗护理服务相关的专项培训并鼓励医务人员参加,以降低医务人员提供居家医疗护理服务的风险,保障其人身安全。 相似文献
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In clinical and epidemiological studies, there is a growing interest in studying the heterogeneity among patients based on longitudinal characteristics to identify subtypes of the study population. Compared to clustering a single longitudinal marker, simultaneously clustering multiple longitudinal markers allow additional information to be incorporated into the clustering process, which reveals co-existing longitudinal patterns and generates deeper biological insight. In the current study, we propose a Bayesian consensus clustering (BCC) model for multivariate longitudinal data. Instead of arriving at a single overall clustering, the proposed model allows each marker to follow marker-specific local clustering and these local clusterings are aggregated to find a global (consensus) clustering. To estimate the posterior distribution of model parameters, a Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed. We apply our proposed model to the primary biliary cirrhosis study to identify patient subtypes that may be associated with their prognosis. We also perform simulation studies to compare the clustering performance between the proposed model and existing models under several scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed BCC model serves as a useful tool for clustering multivariate longitudinal data. 相似文献
28.
Brede H. Eschliman MPH Hongmai H. Pham MD PhD Amol S. Navathe MD PhD Karen M. Dale BSN MSN Julian Harris MD MBA 《Health services research》2023,58(Z3):311-317
Objective
The aim was to identify healthcare payment and financing reforms to promote health equity and ways that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) may promote those reforms.Data Sources and Study Setting
AHRQ convened a payment and financing workgroup–the authors of this paper–as part of its Health Equity Summit held in July 2022. This workgroup drew from its collective experience with healthcare payment and financing reform, as well as feedback from participants in a session at the Health Equity Summit, to identify the evidence base and promising paths for reforms to promote health equity.Study Design
The payment and financing workgroup developed an outline of reforms to promote health equity, presented the outline to participants in the payment and financing session of the July 2022 AHRQ Health Equity Summit, and integrated feedback from the participants.Data Collection/Extraction Methods
This paper did not require novel data collection; the authors collected the data from the existing evidence base.Principal Findings
The paper outlines root causes of health inequity and corresponding potential reforms in five domains: (1) the differential distribution of resources between healthcare providers serving different communities, (2) scarcity of financing for populations most in need, (3) lack of integration/accountability, (4) patient cost barriers to care, and (5) bias in provider behavior and diagnostic tools.Conclusions
Additional research is necessary to determine whether the proposed reforms are effective in promoting health equity. 相似文献29.
Health systems around world are increasingly adopting cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis to inform decisions about access and reimbursement. We study how CE thresholds imposed by a health plan for granting reimbursement affect drug producers’ pricing incentives and patients’ access to new drugs. Analysing a sequential pricing game between an incumbent drug producer and a potential entrant with a new drug, we show that CE thresholds may have adverse effects for payers and patients. A stricter CE threshold may induce the incumbent to switch pricing strategy from entry accommodation to entry deterrence, limiting patients’ access to the new drug. Otherwise, irrespective of whether entry is deterred or accommodated, a stricter CE threshold is never pro-competitive and may in fact facilitate a collusive outcome with higher prices of both drugs. Compared to a laissez-faire policy, the use of CE thresholds when an incumbent monopolist is challenged by therapeutic substitutes can only increase the surplus of a health plan if it leads to entry deterrence. In this case the price reduction by the incumbent necessary to deter entry outweighs the health loss to patients who do not get access to the new drug. 相似文献
30.
背景 随着患者就诊下沉明显,联合家庭医生团队开展社区药学服务日益重要,但如何发挥家庭医生团队作用以满足患者社区药学服务需求仍有待进一步探索。 目的 了解上海市社区药学服务需求现状,为改进社区药学人员参与家庭医生团队开展服务的方式提供参考建议。 方法 于2020年9—12月,采用多阶段抽样法抽取349例老年慢性病患者和855例家庭医生团队主要成员〔全科医生(n=481)、护士(n=234)、公共卫生医生(n=140)〕进行问卷调查。针对老年慢性病患者的调查问卷主要内容包括基本情况、患病情况、用药情况、社区药学服务需求情况和社区药学服务利用情况。针对家庭医生团队成员的调查问卷主要内容包括基本情况、社区药学服务认知情况和社区药学服务需求情况。 结果 349例老年慢性病患者中,125例(35.8%)同时患有≥3种慢性病,305例(87.4%)每日需多次用药。用药管理类药学服务方面,"用药重整及随访"需求人数最多,为52例(14.9%),"用药随访"利用人数最多,为49例(14.0%)。用药教育类药学服务方面,"慢性病用药特殊性的普及教育"需求人数最多,为247例(70.8%),"宣传健康生活方式"利用人数最多,为33例(9.4%)。家庭医生团队成员中,全科医生、护士、公共卫生医生对药学服务的了解程度方面,分别有440例(91.5%)、202例(86.3%)、112例(80.0%)表示了解;对药师的信任程度方面,分别有302例(62.8%)、183例(78.2%)、103例(73.6%)表示非常信任;"协同医师做好药物使用遴选"服务项目的需求人数分别有359例(74.6%)、112例(47.9%)、81例(57.8%);"指导护士使用与管理药品"服务项目的需求人数分别有190例(39.5%)、153例(65.4%)、57例(40.7%)。 结论 一方面患者实际迫切需要用药管理类药学服务,另一方面患者的用药教育类药学服务需求远未得到满足。鉴于社区药学人员队伍薄弱及家庭医生团队对社区药学服务认知局限的现状,社区药学人员应通过培训团队成员,提升团队的社区药学服务认知水平及服务能力,借助团队力量及成员特性,更广泛高效地开展社区药学服务。 相似文献